Attachment Disorder
Attachment Disorder
The attachment disorder is a psychiatric illness so, the therapist must be a Psychotherapist that will cooperate with the caregivers "the parents" in the treatment journey to achieve the best results for the patient's mental health improvement.
In this article:
• What is the attachment disorder?
• The causes of the attachment disorder.
• The different types of the attachment disorder and symptoms.
• The diagnosis and treatment of the attachment disorder.
What is the attachment disorder?
Attachment disorder is failure to have feelings such as sympathy, love, tenderness and kindness in children at an early age and not to have feelings towards their caregivers, such as not to be attached to parents unlike normal. This happens as a result of many reasons such as neglect or absence of parents and not receiving adequate care.
This disorder is one of the psychological disorders, which are related to trauma and pressure, but it's not as a result of a biological neurological or medical problem.
Negligence isn't the main reason for the attachment disorder except in very rare cases, as less than of 10% of children exposed to neglect have an attachment disorder, although the scarcity of it, it is definitely a serious condition.
The causes of the attachment disorder
There is no certain reason to the attachment disorder with its different styles such as: dismissive-avoidant attachment, fearful-avoidant attachment and anxious-preoccupied attachment, but even so, researchers suggest that the common reasons are about the lake of care-giving such as:
• The disappearance of the caregivers for a long time when the child is a new born.
• Failure to meet needs and sharing feelings and emotions in the early ages.
• Living in an unstable family environment
Although this reasons may cause an attachment disorder, there are several theories about the attachment disorder and its styles, symptoms and diagnosis so, more researches and statics are needed to better understand and improve diagnosis and treatment.
The different types of the attachment disorder
1. Disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED)
The symptoms:
• Accept to go and walk with a stranger without verifying that he is reliable
• Interaction with strangers that are overly friendly, talkative, or physical.
• Get excited or no objection to meeting or interacting with strangers.
2. Reactive attachment disorder (RAD)
The symptoms:
• Failure to show some emotions or feelings that express the conscience such as: remorse, guilt, or regret.
• Avoiding the physical contact such as: eye contact and physical touch especially with the parents and caregivers.
• Showing unjustified closeness to strangers and wooing them, in addition to aversion to close ones.
The diagnosis and treatment of the attachment disorder
The diagnosis of the attachment disorder is so difficult because of the Common symptoms between autism spectrum and attachment disorder, but it depends on the patient behavior and reactions and the observation of them. Also the diagnosis must be based on the caregiving attitudes, perceptions and behaviors and not only the patient.
Patient needs a comprehensive psychiatric evaluate and personalized treatment plan. Also, the parents or the care givers must be involved in this treatment with their child.
The continuous cooperation between the patient's family and the psychotherapist increases the possibility of achieving improvement faster.
Written by:
Ganna Ahmed Ellabany
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