Diseases
Allergy… Definition, Symptoms, Causes and Treatment
Allergy has been and continues to
be one of the most common diseases in the world, with barely one of the people
infected with it. In this article we will learn about what this disease is, the
symptoms associated with it, the causes of it, as well as how to prevent and
treat it.
Definition of Allergy
It can be said that allergy is an
announcement of the immune system to counteract unusual extraneous matter to
which the body is exposed, such as the pollen circulated by insects during the
spring. When feeling any
of these materials attacking the body, the immune system generates
so-called antibodies, which attack and prevent them from damaging the body.
In the case of allergy to a
particular substance or a particular body such as dust, for example, the immune system generates
antibodies that treat this dust as a harmful substance, leading to the
secretion of various substances such as histamine, which eventually leads to the emergence of Allergy symptoms on an infected person.
Symptoms of allergy
Like other diseases, allergy
symptoms vary from patient to patient, depending on the type of allergy a person suffers from. These symptoms may appear in any part of the body, whether
internal, such as the respiratory or external parts such as the skin, and the severity of these symptoms varies depending on the type and severity of the disease. Allergy symptoms can generally be
summed up at the following points:
- The so-called allergic rhinitis causes inflammation and rhinorrhea, as well as itching and swollen eyes.
- Eczema is associated with many symptoms, such as redness and shrinking of the skin, as well as the emergence of itching.
- Food allergy is accompanied by symptoms such as swelling of the lips, throat or face in general, as well as urticaria and anaphylaxis (anaphylaxis: It’s a phenomenon that requires treatment as soon as it appears, as it can often lead to death. It is accompanied by symptoms such as vomiting, dizziness, severe respiratory distress, exposure to fainting, and rashes).
- There is one of the types associated with insect bites, this type is accompanied by symptoms, such as the spread of itching throughout the body, severe swelling in the area around the place of the sting, shortness of breath with a contraction of the chest muscles, as well as anaphylaxis.
- Symptoms associated with drug allergy are itching, rashes, crackle during breathing, as well as facial swelling and anaphylaxis.
Causes of allergy
The main cause of allergic
reactions in the infected person is that the person's immune system attack certain external substances that It may think they are harmful to the body and these substances are called
allergens:
- Insects’ toxins, such as those generated by bee stings.
- Certain types of medications such as antibiotics that are often based on penicillin in their composition or penicillin itself.
- Some types of foods such as walnuts, hazelnuts, milk, fish, etc.
- Substances that spread in the atmosphere such as dust, pollen, and others.
- There are some substances that cause skin allergy such as natural rubber.
In addition to the above causes,
it can be genetically
having allergy depending on family history. It is also highly associated with those who have asthma, so
asthma may also be one of the causes, and children occupy the lion's share of
allergy compared to other age groups.
How to prevent and treat allergy
Since prevention is better than
cure, avoiding the disease from the beginning is much better than getting it
and treating it afterward, here are some points that explain how to avoid
allergy:
- Exposure to common allergens that we have mentioned above should be avoided, as they are the main cause of the disease.
- The so-called medical bracelet is an alarm for those who had fatal allergy symptoms before.
If you are infected, you should
see a doctor who will give the suitable medication depending on the type of
allergy a person has experienced, and here are some common cases of treatment:
§ Taking
medications for the body's immune system.
§ Taking
medications that relieve the symptoms associated with the disease.
§ In the case of facing
fatal symptoms such as anaphylaxis, it is recommended to use adrenaline
immediately, only in emergencies.
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